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Rails Routescheatsheet

贡献者：BAI

资源（Resource）

Resources

RUBY
resources :photos
# PhotosController:
# index  =>    GET /photos
# new    =>    GET /photos/new
# create =>   POST /photos/new
# show   =>    GET /photos/:id
# edit   =>    GET /photos/:id/edit
# update =>    PUT /photos/:id
# delete => DELETE /photos/:id
#
# Helpers:
# new_photo_path
# photo_path(id)
# edit_photo_path(id)

自定义 action

RUBY
resources :photos do
  member { get 'preview' }       # /photo/1/preview
  collection { get 'search' }    # /photos/search
  get 'preview', on: :member     # 和第一个相同
end

Options

RUBY
resources :photos,
  path_names: { new: 'brand_new' }    # /photos/1/brand_new
  path: 'postings'                    # /postings
  only: :index
  only: [:index, :show]
  except: :show
  except: [:index, :show]
  shallow: true                       # 会生成 shallow 路由
  shalow_path: 'secret'
  shallow_prefix: 'secret'

单独 resource (resource)

RUBY
resource :coder
# CodersController:
# new    =>    GET /coder/new
# create =>   POST /coder/new
# show   =>    GET /coder
# edit   =>    GET /coder/edit
# update =>    PUT /coder
# delete => DELETE /coder

Match (match)

RUBY
match 'photo/:id' => 'photos#show'  # /photo/what-is-it
match 'photo/:id', id: /[0-9]+/     # /photo/0192
match 'photo/:id' => 'photos#show', constraints: { id: /[0-9]+/ }
match 'photo/:id', via: :get
match 'photo/:id', via: [:get, :post]
match 'photo/*path' => 'photos#unknown'    # /photo/what/ever
# params[:format] == 'jpg'
match 'photos/:id' => 'photos#show', :defaults => { :format => 'jpg' }

Get/post

get 等同于 match via: :get.

RUBY
get 'photo/:id' => 'photos#show'
# 同 match 'photo/:id' => 'photos#show', via: :get
post 'photo/:id' => 'photos#update'
# 同 match 'photo/:id' => 'photos#show', via: :post

重定向

RUBY
match '/stories' => redirect('/posts')
match '/stories/:name' => redirect('/posts/%{name}')

命名

RUBY
# logout_path
match 'exit' => 'sessions#destroy', as: :logout

约束（Constraint）

RUBY
match '/', constraints: { subdomain: 'admin' }
# admin.site.com/admin/photos
namespace 'admin' do
  constraints subdomain: 'admin' do
    resources :photos
  end
end

自定义约束

RUBY
class BlacklistConstraint
  def initialize
    @ips = Blacklist.retrieve_ips
  end
  def matches?(request)
    @ips.include?(request.remote_ip)
  end
end
TwitterClone::Application.routes.draw do
  match "*path" => "blacklist#index",
    :constraints => BlacklistConstraint.new
end

Scope

RUBY
scope 'admin', constraints: { subdomain: 'admin' } do
  resources ...
end

Rack 中间件

RUBY
# Yes, Sprockets is middleware
match '/application.js' => Sprockets

Route 帮助方法

RUBY
projects_path   # /projects
projects_url    # http://site.com/projects

完整示例

RUBY
# 路由的顺序也是下面路由创建的顺序
# 第一个创建的路由也有最高的优先级
# 标准路由
match 'products/:id' => 'catalog#view'
# :controller 和 :action 可以也换成其他的值
# 给路由命名
match 'products/:id/purchase' => 'catalog#purchase', :as => :purchase
# 上面的路由可以通过 purchase_url(:id => product.id) 调用
resources :products
resources :products do
  member do
    get 'short'
    post 'toggle'
  end
  collection do
    get 'sold'
  end
end
# 子资源
resources :products do
  resources :comments, :sales
  resource :seller
end
# 更复杂的子资源
resources :products do
  resources :comments
  resources :sales do
    get 'recent', :on => :collection
  end
end
# 带命名空间
namespace :admin do
  # 路由为 /admin/products/* , 对应的 Controller 为 Admin::ProductsController
  # 文件为 (app/controllers/admin/products_controller.rb)
  resources :products
end
root :to => 'welcome#index'
# "rake routes" 可以查看全部路由信息

参考资料